Економіка розвитку систем

MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF ENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT INDICATORS IN THE CONTEXT OF ENSURING COMPETITIVENESS

Tetiana Kostyshyna — 2025-08-13

The article explores the theoretical and practical aspects of monitoring and evaluating enterprise management indicators within the VUCA environment. The VUCA environment is characterised by volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity, and is a defining feature of modern business operations. The acronym VUCA was first coined in the post-Cold War era, yet its components are applicable to both business conditions and the broader global context. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to the enhancement of enterprise adaptability to market challenges through the implementation of effective monitoring systems, controlling practices, and strategic analysis tools. The primary objective of this study is to develop a scientifically grounded methodology for assessing managerial indicators influencing enterprise competitiveness. In order to achieve this, the role of human capital, tax flexibility, and digital transformations will be taken into account. The research employs a range of methodological approaches, including dialectical methodology, comparative analysis, tabular techniques, systems approach, and modelling. The proposed model integrates indicators that appear to be incompatible, thereby bridging the gap between real-time analytics and forward-looking strategic forecasting. This enables a proactive evaluation of enterprise performance. This approach enables businesses to transition from a focus on retrospective analysis to a more proactive stance by integrating operational metrics with strategic foresight. This, in turn, serves to mitigate the impact of uncertainty and preserve competitive advantages. The model was tested on a hypothetical company X (distinct from the former Twitter entity), incorporating financial, organisational, and behavioural performance indicators. The scientific novelty lies in the consistent combination of traditional and digital management tools with predictive analytics based on knowledge of personnel abilities and creativity, optimisation of tax flexibility, which allows for risk prediction and development of an adaptive strategy. The practical significance of the article lies in the proposal of a universal real-time competitiveness assessment system suitable for the effective development of enterprises of various scales.

THE EVOLUTION OF RISK MANAGEMENT THEORIES IN BUSINESS

Iryna Abernikhina — 2025-08-13

The article examines the evolution of risk management theories in business, which is particularly relevant in the context of the current challenges of globalisation, digitalisation of the economy and increasing uncertainty in the external environment. Risk management is becoming strategically important as a tool for helping companies adapt to turbulent conditions, where risks are not only threats but also sources of innovative opportunities. The aim of the study is to systematise the main stages of development of theoretical concepts of risk management and determine their impact on modern management practices. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive methodological approach was used, combining analysis of scientific sources, historical and logical methods, systematic analysis, comparative analysis of theoretical models and concepts, as well as methods of synthesis and generalisation of information. Particular attention is paid to the integration of classical, quantitative, behavioural and digital approaches in risk management. The results of the study confirm the existence of five key stages in the evolution of risk management: classical, quantitative, integrated, behavioural and digital-ESG-oriented, each of which is characterised by a specific understanding of risk, assessment methods and management. It has been established that contemporary risk management is predicated on the principles of proactivity, integration of non-financial risks, application of advanced digital technologies, and the establishment of a culture of anti-fragility. The present study explores the evolution of risk management functions, from their initial purpose of loss minimisation to their current role as a strategic instrument that fosters sustainability and competitiveness in enterprises. The practical value of the article lies in substantiating the conceptual foundations for the development of risk management in the context of the digital economy and sustainable development. These can be used to improve risk management systems in enterprises of various forms of ownership and industries. The proposed results can serve as a basis for developing adaptive risk management models that take into account the current challenges of the business environment, as well as for improving the effectiveness of management decisions in the field of corporate governance.

CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONAL CONSUMER MARKET IN THE CONTEXT OF ENHANCING THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE POPULATION

Svitlana Shults — 2025-08-25

The relevance of studying the impact of the consumer market on the quality of life in the regions of Ukraine under the conditions of full-scale war is substantiated. Emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature of the research, the integrated meaning of the concept of "quality of life" is revealed, along with the diversified structure of human needs. Particular attention is paid to existing scholarly approaches to defining "consumer market" and "regional consumer market," especially within structural and functional perspectives. The theoretical framework of the study is characterized, incorporating a set of theories and concepts that explain the interdependence between the development of the consumer market and the quality of life. These include classical economic theories, concepts of public consumption, behavioral economics, and spatial market theories. Key characteristics of the consumer market that reflect the interconnection and mutual influence between consumer market functioning and the resilience of quality of life are identified. These characteristics encompass indicators such as product and financial accessibility, openness, price and product integration, innovativeness, environmental sustainability, inclusiveness, and market stability. A conceptual approach to the development of the regional consumer market in the context of strengthening the resilience of quality of life is presented. Based on the aforementioned characteristics, dominant directions of consumer market transformation are identified to support life quality resilience, including digitalization, socialization, greening of the market, global and regional integration, and market inclusion through equal opportunities for all market participants. To outline strategic development prospects for the consumer markets in Ukraine’s regions, strategic priorities are proposed. These aim to increase population adaptability to socio-economic changes, enhance consumer culture, improve access to quality goods and services, ensure safety and a culture of consumption, deepen the inclusiveness of consumer practices, and reduce the vulnerability of socially disadvantaged groups.

SYSTEMIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE LABOUR MARKET AMIDST TECHNOLOGICAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Oleksandr Zhuchenko — 2025-08-25

The necessity of examining labour market transformations influenced by economic technological development from a systemic perspective is predicated on the requirement to comprehend these transformations theoretically and methodologically, and to adapt them practically by contemporary business entities and their present and prospective employees. Dynamic changes in the employment structure, qualification requirements and socio-economic relations, which are transformed and updated by innovative and digital technologies, must be understood. The objective of the present study is to identify, clarify and generalise systemic transformations of the domestic labour market in the conditions of technological development of the Ukrainian economy. The following general scientific research methods were employed in the study: system analysis, which involved the examination of the relationships between elements of the labour market; analysis and synthesis, which were utilised to elucidate the impact of digitalisation on labour market transformations; induction and deduction, which were employed to formulate general conclusions based on observations and arguments obtained to test hypotheses; historical and logical methods, which were employed to trace changes in the parameters of the domestic labour market. The study found that the functioning and development of the domestic labour market are characterised by the following trends: the disappearance of jobs and professions related to physical labour; increased flexibility in planning and performing work tasks; the requirement to possess advanced digital skills; gender equality in "classic" professions and jobs; an increase in unemployment among people who are unable to engage in lifelong learning and change professions; the need to develop high social skills among employees; the spread of digital platforms, digital recruiting, freelancing, online employment, crowdsourcing and other forms of digital employment; the gradual growth of the role of non-material forms of incentives in staff motivation processes to create a positive image of the employer in the labour market; the inability of top managers of companies and government agencies to effectively control digital employment. The study's practical value lies in its potential to inform the development of strategies and programmes for local, regional and national labour markets in an era of deepening digitalisation and economic process transformation, and in the context of wartime risks.

ETHICAL STANDARDS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IMPLEMENTATION AS A GUARANTEE OF SUSTAINABLE ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT

Anzhelika Kulyk — 2025-09-08

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies open wide opportunities for optimizing business processes and increasing the competitiveness of companies. However, at the same time, their implementation gives rise to ethical issues that require a systematic analysis and solution to ensure the sustainable development of enterprises. The main ethical challenges are questions of justice, responsibility, transparency of algorithms and data privacy. In addition, an important point is to regulate the interaction between AI and workers to avoid negative social consequences, such as massive job cuts and de-skilling of personnel. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to integrate ethical standards into the business strategy of enterprises using AI to ensure long-term sustainability and minimize risks associated with human rights violations and negative impact on society and the environment. Despite the growing interest of the scientific community in the ethical issues of the use of AI, there is an insufficient number of studies that consider the impact of these technologies on the sustainable development of companies. This paper conducts a systematic review of the scientific literature, based on data from the Scopus database, using bibliometric tools, particularly the VOSviewer software. The study showed that companies that adhere to ethical principles such as fairness, transparency and social responsibility contribute not only to their own sustainable development but also make a positive contribution to preserving the environment and increasing social welfare. The research findings point to the need to develop clear ethical standards and regulatory mechanisms to ensure the ethical, safe and fair use of AI in business. This will help to build long-term sustainable development strategies, increase public trust in technology, and reduce the risks of legal and reputational losses for businesses.

REGIONAL TRAJECTORIES OF HOUSEHOLD ENERGY EFFICIENCY: MODELING FOR POLICY DECISION-MAKING IN POST-WAR UKRAINE

Tetiana Kurbatova — 2025-09-08

The article offers a methodological framework for the comprehensive assessment of regional convergence and divergence processes in household energy efficiency based on multifactor modeling. The purpose of developing this model is to support the adoption of substantiated managerial decisions that will contribute to the formation of a fair and effective energy transition policy in post-war Ukraine. The model is based on the adapted Cobb-Douglas function, which takes into account a wide range of factors (socio-economic, behavioral, climatic, technical, and others) that directly influence energy consumption levels in the residential sector. The proposed approach enables not only the identification of key determinants of household energy efficiency across different regions but also the detection of common dynamic patterns (attractors) that outline regional development trajectories, considering the potential for convergence as well as the risks of divergence in energy efficiency levels among regions. The practical significance of the model lies in its application for simulating various policy scenarios and corresponding managerial decisions. This facilitates the planning and evaluation of the effectiveness of targeted subsidy programs for energy efficiency measures for households and communal enterprises, the development of comprehensive energy modernization plans for the housing stock, and the assessment of the impact of climate change on energy consumption in the residential sector. Additionally, the model supports substantiating the feasibility of creating educational programs on energy saving and the rational use of resources for households. The results of the simulation analysis within the model have enabled the formulation of scientifically grounded recommendations to improve the efficiency and fairness of resource allocation in the household energy supply sector. This, in turn, will contribute to the adoption of strategically balanced and adaptive decisions at the regional level, ensuring a sustainable and equitable energy transition for Ukraine in the post-war period.

FUNDAMENTALS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF INTERREGIONAL ECONOMIC COMPETITION IN UKRAINE

Halyna Kaplenko — 2025-09-23

The purpose of this study is a comprehensive analysis of the institutional environment of inter-regional competition in Ukraine, defining its legal framework, key actors, and mechanisms of influence on this dynamic process. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to ensure sustainable economic development and enhance the competitiveness of regions in the context of decentralization and European integration, which requires a deep understanding of current regulatory norms and practices. The work employs methods of systematic analysis, comparative-legal method, generalization, and logical synthesis for a detailed study of legislative acts that regulate both state regional policy and the protection of economic competition. The analysis established that the institutional environment of inter-regional competition is a multifaceted and complex system, including dispersed norms from a number of legislative acts, as well as the activities of various state and private institutions. It is determined that the main drivers of competition are legislative norms aimed at ensuring the economic autonomy of regions, developing their internal potential, and stimulating local initiatives. It is proven that regional councils, regional state administrations, and regional development agencies play a key role in articulating the aggregated interests of regions, promoting investment attraction, business development, and the formation of partnerships. At the same time, it is revealed that specialized legislation on the protection of economic competition imposes important restrictions on the concerted actions of actors, preventing monopolies and creating equal conditions for all market participants, which ensures the regulation of competition intensity. Thus, central government bodies have a crucial role in maintaining a balance between stimulating regional competitiveness and reducing territorial disparities. The practical value of the obtained results lies in the fact that they can be used by state authorities, local self-government bodies, and development institutions to improve state regional policy, develop more effective strategies for socio-economic development of regions, and enhance the mechanisms for managing inter-regional competition. This will contribute to strengthening the economic, social, and humanitarian cohesion of the state.

INNOVATION AS A TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HOTEL INDUSTRY

Halyna Ilnytska-Hykavchuk — 2025-10-01

Innovation can be considered a tool for achieving a balance between economic efficiency, social responsibility and environmental safety of the hotel. The integration of innovative technologies facilitates the optimisation of resource utilisation, enhancement of customer service quality, and mitigation of environmental impact. The objective of the present study is threefold: firstly, to highlight and systematise the main environmental innovations used in the hotel industry; secondly, to determine the principles of the hotel industry in the context of sustainable development; and thirdly, to identify measures to improve the implementation of environmental innovations in hotels. In order to achieve this objective, an analysis was conducted of the areas of influence of the hotel sector on the environment. The following principles were identified as being key to the sustainable development of the hotel industry: environmental responsibility; energy and resource efficiency; social responsibility; innovation; economic sustainability; responsible consumption and production; continuous improvement; and education. The ways in which the hotel industry is becoming more environmentally friendly are revealed, including the introduction of automated hotel management systems, mobile applications, the Internet of Things, energy-saving technologies, water-saving technologies, waste reduction and innovations in the food sector. Information is also provided about green hotels and environmental certification systems. The main obstacles to implementing environmental innovations have been identified as high financial costs, resistance to change and a lack of preparedness among hotel management, staff and clients. There is also imperfect state support. The following measures have been revealed to improve the implementation of environmental innovations in hotels: organisational and managerial; educational and informational; financial and economic; technical and technological; marketing; monitoring and improvement. Introducing environmental innovations into hotel practices will contribute to greener activities and increase economic efficiency and the quality of services while promoting social responsibility.

TAX RISK MANAGEMENT MECHANISMS IN THE CONTEXT OF INCREASED TAX CONTROL AND AUTOMATIC EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION

Volodymyr Kraievskyi — 2025-10-01

In the context of growing regulatory pressure and global tax transparency, this article investigates the conceptual foundations and practical mechanisms for integrating tax compliance into corporate risk appetite strategies. This research is relevant because tax legislation is increasingly complex, international initiatives such as BEPS, CRS and FATCA are becoming more prevalent, and automated tax information exchange frameworks are evolving. These changes necessitate a shift on the part of enterprises from reactive tax risk mitigation to proactive, systematised, and strategically aligned compliance models. The objective of the present study is twofold: firstly, to develop and substantiate an adaptive model for embedding tax compliance mechanisms into corporate governance systems; and secondly, to focus specifically on aligning such mechanisms with the company's accepted level of tax risk (risk appetite). The research methodology is based on systems theory, institutional analysis and predictive analytics and strategic modelling methods. The study puts forward a thorough, multi-level framework for accounting and analytical services, which it suggests should form the technological and organisational core of tax risk management. This architecture incorporates ERP-integrated modules, dashboards for key risk indicators (KRIs) and predictive artificial intelligence tools, which facilitate the ongoing identification, evaluation and management of tax risks. Rather than viewing tax compliance as merely a set of formal procedures or audit checks, the article conceptualises it as a strategic function embedded in all areas of corporate activity, ranging from market entry decisions and supply chain structuring to financial modelling and capital allocation. The proposed model highlights the importance of aligning external regulatory developments with internal decision-making frameworks in order to allow for the real-time recalibration of tax risk appetite. The institutional and cultural dimensions of the model are given key attention. It is demonstrated that the effectiveness of tax risk management depends not only on technical solutions, but also on organisational readiness, personnel awareness and internal motivation systems. The findings confirm that, today, tax risk management is a central element of sustainable corporate strategy, rather than an auxiliary accounting task. The developed model enables companies to mitigate regulatory uncertainty, increase transparency and bolster their competitive position within an increasingly open and regulated global business landscape.

ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY AND INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT AS DETERMINANTS OF DEFENCE INDUSTRY TRANSFORMATION

Andrii Zavazhenko — 2025-10-01

The contemporary geopolitical landscape is characterised by a growing nexus between national security and technological sovereignty, underscoring the imperative for nations to transform their defence industries. Despite the considerable financial resources that are frequently allocated to this sector, the outcomes of such investments exhibit significant variation across countries. The present study addresses the critical research problem of why some nations successfully transition from being technology importers to those which are globally competitive in terms of exports, whilst others remain in a state of prolonged technological dependence despite making substantial expenditures. The central thesis of this article is that a country's successful transformation from an importer to an exporter of defence products is determined not by the volume of financial resources available to it, but rather by the effectiveness of its institutional environment and the implementation of a coherent, long-term state policy. In order to test this hypothesis, a conceptual framework is developed and subsequently applied through a comparative analysis of two cases: the Republic of Korea and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The results of the analysis indicate that the key differentiating factor is the institutional environment. The South Korean success is attributed to the establishment of robust, centralised state agencies and the consistent implementation of a strategic import policy with a focus on technology absorption, which systematically nurtured a dynamic innovation ecosystem. Conversely, Saudi Arabia's trajectory exemplifies the inefficacy of institutional fragmentation and a policy of direct, "off-the-shelf" procurement in fostering domestic innovation capabilities, resulting in diminished absorptive capacity and a dependent industrial base. The core finding is that a robust innovation ecosystem is not a prerequisite for development; rather, it is a deliberately constructed result of effective institutions. The research outlines how the massive influx of Western technology can be converted into a sustainable, export-oriented defence industry through targeted institutional reforms, a focus on enhancing national absorptive capacity and the strategic development of technological competencies.