Економіка розвитку систем

LABOUR NON-DECLARATION AS A FACTOR OF THE POPULATION LIVING STANDARDS: CONSEQUENCES, REGULATION MECHANISMS

Larysa Bogush — Thu, 30 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of the article is to study the consequences of the employment and labour non-declaration for the population standards of living and working potential reproduction, as well as to substantiate systemic approaches to regulating and preventing the totality of the undeclared labour negative impacts in Ukraine. The undeclared labour is the labour activities carried out on a basis of agreements between a worker and an employer, which are usually concluded without taking into account the current legislatively approved standards for the working hours’ duration, volumes, productivity, and payment for the labour, and generally do not provide for reliable fiscal reporting on the volumes of performed labour and achieved work results (quantitative, financial). Functioning in the formal and shadow employment, the undeclared work has a clear systemic negative impact on the filling of state and local budgets, mandatory state insurance funds (in particular, pension), implementing state goals and mechanisms for socio-economic development, observance of socio-labour rights, social protection of workers and the entire population. On the other hand, working unofficially, colluding with the employer to conceal the legal labour volume and results completely or partially, not declaring the income from entrepreneurship or self-employment, a person increases the amount of available working and living capital, savings and accumulations, improves his life level and standards. The research methodology is based on the generalization, comparison, analysis of factors, manifestations and consequences of the undeclared work for the reproduction and improvement of the population labour potential and employment sphere, as well as on the synthesis of obtained results into approaches for optimizing national policy and practices of tracking and preventing these violations of legislatively approved socio-labour relations. The complexity of undeclared labour as a socio-economic phenomenon of the modern globalized world and as the employment model of the population significant share with a large number of features and factors determines the leading criterion for forming and implementing the effective policies to regulate it. The essence of this criterion is to balance the economy-wide, sectoral and industry-specific, inspection and supervising, as well as preventive measures with the involvement of authorized structures for regulating and monitoring socio-labour relations, the employment sphere and labour market, law enforcement bodies, civil society institutions (including those for trilateral cooperation). Given the trends and features of the undeclared labour in Ukraine, its regulation policy should focus primarily on the mechanisms and levers for identifying and restraining this employment model with a consecutive increase in the share of systemic measures for preventing the undeclared labour and its transforming into the official employment. The main guideline of the fair labour declaration policy is the simultaneous reduction of the undeclared labour advantages for both employers and workers (employees, self-employed).

THE EMERGENCE OF SHARING AND CIRCULAR ECONOMIES THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Nataliia Kraus, Kateryna Kraus — Tue, 18 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals is influenced by the possibility of simultaneously introducing the features of the circular and sharing economy into the coordinate system of the national economy. If the country’s government supports the development of these economies, the Sustainable Development Goals will be quickly taken up for implementation by legal entities and individuals. The purpose of the article is to propose a basic model of the relationship between the Sustainable Development Goals and the sharing economy and the circular economy, to identify its characteristic features, and to present their ecological actualization. To achieve the specified goal, the work used methods of analysis and synthesis, grouping, generalization, comparison, tabular, and systemic methods, which allowed for a comprehensive study of existing scientific developments on the issues of sharing and circular economies, to solve the tasks set for scientists, and to outline the prospects for future research. The results obtained consist in substantiating and revealing the features of implementing the Sustainable Development Goals through the development of sharing and circular economies. It is indicated that the determinants of the development of these economies are: an increase not only in the number of people on the planet, but also in its density; the development of new generation information and communication technologies. The basic components of the sharing economy and the foundation on which the development of the circular economy is based are clarified. A basic model of the relationship between the Sustainable Development Goals and the sharing economy and the circular economy is presented. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the features of the development of the circular and sharing economies, indicating that the goal of the development of the sharing economy is the ability to use goods without the right to own them. The practical value of the study lies in the fact that the authors expressed the opinion that the government should institutionally support the introduction of environmental technologies into production and encourage a resource-saving business policy that would develop on the basis of environmental certification. Scientists are of the opinion that it makes sense to support the development of digital entrepreneurship, the activities of which are based on the Sustainable Development Goals, namely: energy efficiency, environmental friendliness, accessibility, and innovation. It is worth cultivating thrift and smart consumption among the population.

IMPLEMENTATION OF TRANSPORT ACCESSIBILITY IN THE TOURISM SECTOR

Halyna Ilnytska-Hykavchuk — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The prevailing trend in the development of tourism is to enhance the accessibility of tourist services for all segments of society. To this end, a range of measures must be implemented at both the state and local levels, as well as by the enterprises themselves. The present paper explores the merits and drawbacks of the various modes of transport utilised in the provision of tourist services. It is determined that in the future the transport offer in tourism will develop in the following directions: increasing the environmental friendliness of transport, ecological types of transport; accessibility of transport offer for people with disabilities; increased attention to travel safety; improvement of transport infrastructure. It is noted that the main barriers faced by tourists with disabilities are: inaccessibility of transport infrastructure facilities; low quality of service provided by support staff; insufficient awareness of service providers; lack of information about accessible facilities, services, relevant websites; lack of accessible rooms in hotels, restaurants and public places. This paper sets out the measures that local authorities and heads of transport infrastructure enterprises should take to improve accessibility. The measures to ensure the accessibility of various types of transport are disclosed, as are the best foreign experiences in the field of infrastructure accessibility for people with disabilities. It is established that the implementation of the concept of universal design will help solve the problems of service accessibility for clients with disabilities. In order to develop the transport infrastructure, in particular with regard to accessibility, it is necessary to implement the following measures: improve legislation on transport and its accessibility; involve people with disabilities in the development of legislation and policies in the field of barrier-free development; increase investment in the transport sector; professional training of specialists; improve transport infrastructure; introduce innovations; increase control over operators and the quality of services; disseminate information on websites; impose sanctions for breaches of accessibility legislation; inform service users of their rights and obligations.

POST-WAR RECOVERY OF REGIONAL ECONOMIES THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF FINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Denys Burykh — Sun, 04 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article examines the conceptual underpinnings of the formation, functioning and restoration of financial infrastructure as a systemic element of the economy, particularly in the post-crisis period. The key role of financial infrastructure in ensuring the stability of the economic system, maintaining financial flows and stimulating economic growth in the midst of significant transformation challenges is highlighted. The analysis focuses on the relationship between institutional and regulatory barriers, which have a significant impact on the efficiency of financial institutions and markets. The institutional issues that have been identified are as follows: the fragmentation of financial flows; a low level of coordination between state and regional financial institutions; the limited ability of financial institutions to respond quickly to crises; insufficient integration of international standards; and weak communication among actors within the financial system. Of particular pertinence are the regulatory barriers that impede the recovery of financial infrastructure, such as the instability of the regulatory environment, the over-regulation of procedures, the absence of long-term regulatory strategies, and a lack of transparency in regulatory decisions. The article considers the consequences of these issues, including a slowdown in economic rehabilitation, a decline in trust in financial institutions, a shortage of investment resources, and increased risks to financial stability. The author puts forward a number of recommendations for overcoming these barriers, including the reform of financial institutions to enhance their capacity, the harmonisation of legislation with international standards, the digitalisation of financial processes, the development of public-private partnership mechanisms, and the promotion of financial inclusion. The importance of implementing innovative technologies, such as automated financial flow monitoring systems and platforms for integrating financial institutions into a unified ecosystem, is emphasised. The conclusions may serve as a theoretical basis for further research in the field of economics and finance, as well as be used to develop practical recommendations for reforming Ukraine's financial system in the context of post-crisis recovery.

DECOMPOSITION OF ACCOUNTING PROCEDURES IN FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY: FROM CONTRACT TO FINANCIAL REPORT

Olena Kolisnyk — Sun, 04 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article examines the features of decomposing accounting procedures in foreign economic activities (FEA), which is considered a systemic tool for improving the efficiency of accounting support for international operations. The necessity to harmonise national and international financial reporting standards is emphasised, with the objective being to ensure transparency and reliability of information. The article further substantiates the relevance of a systematic approach to the structuring of accounting processes in FEA, with a view to minimising risks associated with the legal, economic and financial aspects of international contracts. It has been demonstrated that decomposition serves as a pivotal instrument for the enhancement of accounting procedures, facilitating the comprehensive documentation of all phases, from the initiation of contracts to the formulation of financial statements. The present study proposes a conceptual model of accounting flow decomposition, taking into account the specifics of transactional costs, customs regulations, and foreign exchange operations. Of particular note is the analysis of customs procedures as a component of the cost of import-export operations, which directly impact the financial performance of enterprises. The methodological foundations for automating accounting processes through ERP systems and blockchain technologies are identified, enabling the integration of accounting data and enhancing the efficiency and transparency of management systems. The article undertakes a detailed analysis of regulatory requirements, with particular reference to IFRS 15 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" and IFRS 9 "Financial Instruments". These standards mandate the detailed documentation of accounting operations in order to comply with the principle of substance over form. The significance of the prudence principle in evaluating the risks associated with currency fluctuations and customs costs is also substantiated. The findings of the research indicate that decomposition fosters the establishment of a reporting system characterised by enhanced transparency, a system which is found to satisfy the requirements of investors, regulators, and other relevant stakeholders. The proposed approaches have practical significance for enterprises engaged in FEA, as they enable risk minimisation, improve management efficiency, and ensure compliance with international standards. The research findings can be applied in both academic and practical contexts to enhance the accounting policies of companies operating in the global business environment.

TRANSFORMATION OF TRANSFER PRICING POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF ESG-ORIENTED BUSINESS STRATEGIES

Volodymyr Kraievskyi, Serhii Polishchuk — Sun, 04 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article examines the transformation of transfer pricing policy in the context of modern challenges in the global economy, particularly the integration of ESG-oriented business strategies. The authors demonstrate that the integration of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) aspects into corporate governance systems is reshaping approaches to transfer pricing analysis, driven by the need to harmonise the financial interests of businesses with sustainable development goals. The article goes on to provide a comprehensive overview of the theoretical underpinnings of ESG metrics, which are progressively emerging as a novel metric for evaluating the efficiency of intra-group transactions. These metrics take into account environmental innovations, social responsibility, and transparency in governance processes. The study demonstrates that the integration of environmental initiatives, such as carbon regulation, renewable energy development, and ecological innovation, presents new challenges for transfer pricing systems. Specifically, it is contended that environmental responsibility introduces complexity to the comparability analysis, necessitating the incorporation of additional factors in functional analysis. Furthermore, social aspects, such as ensuring gender equality, promoting inclusivity, and fostering social justice, necessitate adapting valuation methods for intra-group transactions. The following governance factors have been identified as providing the basis for improving traditional transfer pricing methods: transparency of corporate governance, compliance with non-financial reporting standards (GRI, SASB) and the introduction of digital tools for monitoring transactions. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of regulatory initiatives, such as the OECD transfer pricing guidelines and the Pillar Two concept, which introduces global minimum taxation rules. The article examines the potential adaptation of these rules to the specifics of multinational corporations' activities using ESG approaches. The application of digital tools, including the automation of accounting processes and the utilisation of artificial intelligence for risk modelling, has been demonstrated to enhance the efficiency of monitoring intra-group transactions. The study also emphasises the importance of documenting transfer operations with consideration of non-financial factors, promoting the harmonisation of international transfer pricing practices. The study proposes a conceptual model for integrating ESG metrics into transfer pricing policy, which accounts for the multifactorial influence of environmental, social, and governance indicators on transfer price formation. In order to validate the practical significance of this approach, the case method was used to examine real-world practices of companies such as Tesla, Unilever, Amazon, and others in adapting their transfer pricing policies to the contemporary challenges of sustainable development. The findings emphasise that adopting ESG-oriented approaches to transfer pricing is not only a regulatory requirement but also a tool for enhancing business competitive advantages. The conclusions of the article have practical significance for improving transfer pricing policies, developing risk management methodologies, and ensuring compliance with sustainable development requirements.

FINANCIAL INVERSION IN FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AS AN APPROACH TO HIDDEN RISK ASSESSMENT

Yurii Myskin — Sun, 04 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article examines financial inversion in foreign economic activity (FEA) as a multifactorial process influencing the financial stability of enterprises in the context of the global economy. The specific features of this phenomenon are emphasised, as they significantly affect risk management in transnational operations. The study identifies currency volatility, geopolitical changes, and regulatory barriers as pivotal factors that intensify the challenges faced by enterprises, compelling them to explore novel financial planning approaches. It is shown that traditional risk management tools are insufficiently effective under conditions of high economic uncertainty, creating a demand for the implementation of adaptive models for managing financial flows. The article systematises conceptual approaches to the identification and assessment of hidden risks associated with financial inversion. Particular attention is paid to causal analysis methods that provide deeper insights into the nature of this phenomenon. The practical importance of tools such as economic and mathematical modelling and forecasting is considered, demonstrating their utility in determining the long-term consequences of financial inversions for enterprises engaged in FEA. The application of scenario analysis is highlighted as a crucial component for evaluating alternative risk management strategies. The study also focuses on the development of adaptive strategies to mitigate the impact of financial inversions on the outcomes of foreign economic activity. The research emphasises that such strategies should be grounded in the integration of contemporary technologies for big data analysis, the automation of risk management processes, and the utilisation of digital platforms for financial flow monitoring. These approaches have the dual benefits of risk minimisation and enhanced financial transparency in an international context. The findings of the study highlight the necessity to enhance financial inversion management tools with a view to mitigating their deleterious effect on the economic performance of enterprises. The proposed recommendations are designed to enhance business adaptability to changes in the external environment, increase competitiveness, and ensure sustainable development. The article's materials may be useful for professionals in international economics, financial management, and auditing, as well as for researchers studying risks in foreign economic activity.

AUDIT OF TRANSNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS IN FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY THROUGH THE LENS OF INFORMATION ASYMMETRY

Alla Savchenko — Sun, 04 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article examines the role of auditing transnational transactions in foreign economic activity through the lens of information asymmetry. It shows that in a globalised economy, where international operations are complicated by multiple layers of regulation, cultural barriers and currency risks, information asymmetry becomes a fundamental challenge to ensuring the transparency and reliability of financial reporting. It finds that unequal access to data increases the risk of financial distortions, which negatively affects managerial decisions and the efficiency of transnational transactions. The paper examines the theoretical aspects of information asymmetry, its manifestations in transnational transactions, and its implications for auditing. This study places particular emphasis on the role of auditors in identifying informational distortions, conducting risk analyses, and ensuring transactions adhere to international standards. The research methodology encompasses an analysis of regulatory documents, including International Standards on Auditing (ISA), and their comparison with local regulatory requirements. The practical aspect focuses on analysing specific risks, including legal, currency, and reputational risks associated with transnational transactions. It has been shown that effective auditing of cross-border transactions requires the integration of innovative approaches to information management, such as the automation of data collection and analysis processes, the use of digital platforms and the application of artificial intelligence algorithms. Moreover, the necessity of harmonising international and local regulatory standards is substantiated in order to minimise discrepancies in reporting requirements and ensure transparency in operations. The proposed recommendations are aimed at improving auditing methodologies through the implementation of proactive risk assessment approaches and the development of adaptive strategies tailored to changes in the regulatory environment and global economic trends. The conclusions of the article hold practical value for auditors, financial analysts, and transnational corporations seeking to enhance the efficiency of their foreign economic activities.

ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL EXPERIENCE IN INTERNET TRADE: A REVIEW OF A SUCCESSFUL E-COMMERCE CASE

Solomiia Ohinok, Vasyl Hunka — Sun, 04 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In the context of ongoing economic transformations and rapid technological advancement, an analysis of global e-commerce experiences is essential for formulating effective strategies to ensure the sustainable development of this sector. This article examines key trends, challenges, and opportunities within the global e-commerce landscape, focusing on business models that have succeeded in highly competitive digital markets. In light of the exponential growth in online commerce, propelled by advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), big data, automation, and evolving consumer preferences, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the success of significant e-commerce platforms is imperative. The present study seeks to identify the fundamental success factors of leading e-commerce enterprises and assess their adaptability to the evolving global economic environment. A comparative analysis of business models employed by industry leaders such as Amazon, Alibaba, and JD.com is conducted to determine best practices in customer engagement, logistics optimization, and technological integration. Moreover, the research explores key trends that are likely to shape the future of online trade. These include the hyper-personalisation of shopping experiences, AI-driven recommendation systems, seamless omnichannel retailing, automation of fulfilment centres, the expansion of contactless payment systems, and the integration of blockchain technologies to enhance transactional security. The study also considers the implications of regulatory policies and data protection measures for the growth of e-commerce enterprises across different regions. By synthesising insights from global best practices, this research highlights universal mechanisms for scaling online businesses, strengthening supply chain resilience, and improving operational efficiency. The practical significance of this study lies in its provision of concrete recommendations for enterprises aiming to harness digital transformation to enhance their market position. The findings are of particular relevance to organisations seeking to implement innovative technological solutions, optimise their e-commerce strategies, and reinforce their competitive advantage in an increasingly digitised global economy.

ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF RESPONSIBLE CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Oksana Liashenko, Olga Demianiuk — Sun, 04 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Addressing the global imperative of sustainable development requires a comprehensive, data- driven understanding of how individuals make consumption decisions when personal economic incentives conflict with broader collective ecological interests. This study investigates the behavioural mechanisms underpinning responsible consumer choices by integrating social preference theory with decision- framing effects. The research employs the Quantal Response Equilibrium (QRE) framework, accommodating bounded rationality and probabilistic strategic behaviour, to model the dynamic interaction between private utility and environmental responsibility. A behavioural experiment involving 215 participants was conducted using the oTree experimental platform. The study incorporated the Social Value Orientation (SVO) Slider Measure to elicit individual prosocial preferences and a ten- round interactive “Green Consumer Game,” in which participants chose among strategies differing in personal payoff levels and ecological consequences, under either gain (reward) or loss (penalty) framing conditions. QRE- based choice probabilities were calibrated using maximum likelihood estimation of the rationality parameter within logit models implemented in Python. The empirical findings demonstrate that individuals with stronger social preferences are significantly more likely to choose environmentally responsible strategies. Framing has a robust effect: reward- based framing was considerably more effective in promoting pro- social decision- making than penalty- based framing. The QRE model achieved superior predictive accuracy compared to the classical Nash Equilibrium (RMSE 0. 069 vs. 0. 079), validating its empirical utility in ethically constrained decision contexts. This study' s novelty and theoretical value lie in applying QRE to ecologically motivated dilemmas, offering a quantitative assessment of how moral preferences and framing jointly shape consumer choice under uncertainty. Its practical contribution provides policymakers and sustainability practitioners with actionable insights for designing behavioural interventions, incentive schemes, and strategic messaging to encourage sustainable consumption across diverse socioeconomic environments.

GENDER ASPECT OF A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO SOCIALLY ORIENTED HR MANAGEMENT: PROSPECTS FOR MANAGING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF HUMAN CAPITAL LOSS

Nataliia Zachosova, Dmytro Melnychuk, Hlib Tupchii — Fri, 30 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The relevance of the study is explained by the sufficiency of domestic enterprises to provide the prospects for their development with high-quality human resources in a situation where the losses of human capital since the beginning of the war have created a shortage of supply on the labour market, in which the gender factor is also traced. It is important to note that the study of the impact of gender on the standard of living of an individual is a recurring theme in numerous research domains. The hypothesis is formalised by taking into account the following. The influence of personnel gender on the motives of professional behaviour can be useful when developing an enterprise development strategy under the influence of human capital risk. Furthermore, it can be useful when updating personnel policies in human resources management systems of human-oriented business. The objective of the present study was to explore the potential for enhancing the efficacy of a systemic approach to socially oriented HR management by leveraging gender-neutral and gender-oriented management initiatives. The investigation further sought to ascertain the viability of such a practice in the context of enterprise development in the face of human capital loss. The research methods employed included content analysis of professional economic literature, synthesis of postulates and paradigms of gender-neutral and gender-sensitive management, and systematization and generalisation of proposals for incorporating the gender aspect into the system of socio-economic personnel management. The research yielded several key findings. Firstly, the areas of sensitivity of the gender factor for various elements of the organisational management system were identified and specified. Secondly, the manifestation of the gender factor in management organisations was generalised. Thirdly, the prospects of socio-economic HR management were developed for managing the development of enterprises under the threat of loss of human capital. Finally, the stages of forming an employer brand on the basis of gender-neutral management were identified and described. The practical value of the proposals in this research lies in the possibility of their integration into the personnel policy of enterprises and personnel development strategies of modern companies that strive to improve their business reputation and create an image of a socially-oriented business that has a sustainable economic effect.

EXPLORING AFRICA’S GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT THROUGH ENGAGEMENT WITH BRICS AND EU

Dirk Hansohm, Inna Koblianska — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The European Union has historically been the primary trade partner for African countries, functioning as a pivotal market for African exports and a substantial source of foreign investment. It is evident that, over the course of several decades, this longstanding economic relationship has exerted a significant influence on the trade and development trajectory of the African continent. Nevertheless, in recent years, there has been a marked decline in the relative role of the European Union in Africa's trade landscape. The global economic power balance has undergone a shift, with new and emerging economies acquiring increasing significance in Africa's economic relations. Notably, the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) have become significant external actors, creating new dynamics in Africa's trade partnerships. This paper presents and discusses the scale of increasing trade with these new external actors in Africa, its impact on African countries and the likely future size and structure of this trade, as well as its impact on Africa–Europe relations. The research employs a mixed-methods design, combining a quantitative analysis of international trade statistics with a comparative regional assessment, to examine the changing roles of the BRIC countries and the European Union in Africa's economic landscape. A particular emphasis is placed on the consideration of the size of the countries in question, in addition to their geographic location and the quality of their institutions and governance. The findings indicate that the trade relations between Africa and the European Union, as well as the BRIC countries, are characterised by a structural imbalance. While the continent continues to export primarily to the EU, there is an increasing reliance on imports from BRIC economies. This trend underscores Africa's mounting significance as a consumer market for emerging powers, notably BRIC nations. In contrast, the EU's role remains predominantly that of a resource supplier. Exports from Africa have been demonstrated to contribute to employment and income generation, while imports have been shown to facilitate technological advancement and support domestic development. The paper concludes with the presentation of recommendations to African and EU governments. It is recommended that African governments consider ways to expand intra-African trade, accelerate the implementation of mutual agreements, and coordinate trade policies to enhance collective agency in global negotiations. The enhancement of research capacity, the diversification of trade structures, and the identification of supply constraints are pivotal to the enhancement of competitiveness and economic resilience.

MODELLING AND FORECASTING ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF UKRAINE BASED ON TREND MODELS

Dmytro Semeniuk — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The present study is devoted to the modelling and forecasting of the primary economic indicators of Ukraine, utilising econometric methodologies, with a particular focus on trend models. In the context of globalisation and economic instability, the study of the relationships between macro-economic variables is of particular relevance. This paper undertakes an analysis of the impact of such factors as the hryvnia/US dollar exchange rate, inflation, exports and imports on gross domestic product. The application of regression analysis enabled the identification of significant economic interdependencies and the determination of key variables with predictive value for the assessment of economic growth. The employment of the Python programming language enabled the processing of statistical data, the construction of multivariate regression models, and the forecasting of future macro-economic trends. The present study combines both theoretical and practical aspects of economic process analysis, which is realised by using multivariate regression to assess the relationships between gross domestic product, minimum wage, inflation and the national currency exchange rate. A significant finding is the existence of a close relationship between the exchange rate and gross domestic product, as evidenced by the high coefficient of determination of the model (R-squared = 0.98), indicating a strong explanatory power. The findings indicate that an augmentation in the US dollar exchange rate by one hryvnia results in a surge in gross domestic product exceeding 213 million UAH, under the assumption of constant factors. Furthermore, the study employed correlation analysis to identify the most significant variables. The strong correlation between the gross domestic product and key economic indicators, including the minimum wage (correlation coefficient of 0.99) and the consumer price index (correlation coefficient of 0.87), underscores their significant influence in shaping economic trends. The utilisation of trend analysis and data approximation through the employment of polynomial functions has facilitated the projection of gross domestic product and exchange rate growth in the 2025-2030 period. This suggests the possibility of stable economic development, even in the context of challenging macro-economic conditions.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF YOUTH'S ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE POST-WAR DEVELOPMENT OF "GREEN" ENERGY

Fri, 04 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article analyses the attitude of youth towards developing renewable energy sources. This is especially important for Ukraine, which needs a rapid post-war restoration of the energy sector, adaptation to EU environmental standards, and youth involvement in building a "green" economy. The methodology is based on a questionnaire survey of students, which allowed them to assess their awareness of renewable energy, willingness to support the transition to clean energy sources and the main barriers. The results show a positive attitude of young people towards green energy but indicate significant challenges, particularly insufficient state support and high start-up costs. The study's practical significance lies in the possibility of using the results to improve mechanisms for stimulating young people to actively participate in developing renewable energy sources. The results may be helpful for governments, businesses, investors, and educational institutions interested in the effective post-war restoration of Ukraine's energy sector.

DIGITALIZATION OF BUSINESS PROCESSES BASED ON CHATBOT IMPLEMENTATION

Yuliia Rozghon, Leonid Melnyk — Fri, 04 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The main aspect of the review is a comprehensive analysis of the development and use of chatbots in the modern world. The article explores the practical aspects of using chatbots in various industries, such as retail, banking, agriculture, and tourism. The authors analyze the specifics of using chatbots in each of these areas, identifying key challenges and opportunities. Based on the analysis of scientific publications and real cases, the authors identify the key advantages and challenges associated with using chatbots. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the impact of chatbots on business processes, customer service and interaction with users. The paper also looks at the potential for chatbots to further develop and integrate with other technologies such as artificial intelligence. Also, the algorithm for successfully introducing a chatbot into the business process for proper functioning and the ROI calculation option to evaluate the integration result is considered. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of chatbots' economic impact on various economic sectors, analyzing their impact not only on efficiency but also on changing consumer behaviour and the competitive environment.

SPECIFIC ACCOUNTING AND TAXATION OF NON-PROFIT ORGANISATIONS

Natalia Selivanova, Katerina Tiulpanova — Mon, 07 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article examines the organisational aspects of accounting and taxation of non-profit organisations that play an important role in the social, cultural, educational and charitable spheres. The primary sources of funding for such organisations are identified, including charitable contributions, grants, sponsorship and government support. The authors emphasise the necessity of a systematic approach to accounting and tax regulation in order to ensure financial transparency and efficient use of resources. The article provides an analysis of the accounting mechanisms employed for targeted funding, encompassing charitable receipts, grants, humanitarian aid, and other forms of support. The procedure for recognising income and expenses, the methodology for documenting financial transactions, and the need to keep separate records of income from different sources of funding are considered. In the context of non-profit organisations, the distribution of income among founders or members is not a viable option. It is therefore imperative to ensure that such income is utilised exclusively in accordance with the objectives stipulated in the organisation's statutory documentation. It is important to note that particular emphasis is placed on the legal regulation of non-profit organisations in Ukraine. The author examines the legislative acts that determine the tax status of the company, as well as the accounting and financial reporting procedures. In particular, the authors examines the provisions of the Tax Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine “On Public Associations”, the Law of Ukraine “On Charity Work and Charitable Organisations” and other legal acts. The author conducts an analysis of the criteria for the grant of tax exemptions to non-profit organisations, as well as the consequences of the revocation of such exemptions in the event of a violation of the law. The importance of financial transparency, effective resource control, and accounting policies adapted to the particularities of the non-profit sector is emphasised. The authors emphasise the necessity to enhance the prevailing accounting standards for such organisations, particularly with regard to accounting for grants, humanitarian aid, volunteer work, and reporting to donors. Practical recommendations for enhancing the financial management of non-profit organisations are proposed, with the aim of increasing the efficiency of their operations, attracting additional resources and strengthening public trust. The resolution of the aforementioned issues, in conjunction with the integration of contemporary accounting and taxation methodologies, will empower non-profit organisations to accomplish their mission with greater efficacy, foster the advancement of the social sphere, and facilitate the attainment of sustainable socio-economic development for the populace.

SYSTEMIC APPLICATION OF SECURITY-ORIENTED PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGY FOR THE ORGANISATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT

Svitlana Bilous, Nataliia Zachosova, Hlib Tupchii — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The relevance of the study is explained by the fact that if the solution to a certain scientific problem is a product that is expected to be obtained as a result of the project, then scientific research and its implementation will actually become such a project with all its inherent methodology, theoretical basis and practical tools. In the context of scientific research organisation and the search for methodological tools for their high-quality implementation, there is a necessity to explore ways to effectively transform the tools for increasing the efficiency of the functioning of socio-economic systems and their management. The project approach has the potential to facilitate this. The objective of the present study was to specify the possibilities and identify methodologies for the systematic utilisation of security-oriented project management for scientific research in economics and management. The research methods employed included synthesis and analysis, facilitating a comprehensive study of literary sources, regulatory documents, and digital information resources. The application of generalisation and abstraction methods enabled the formalisation and generalisation of the principles underpinning the utilisation of project management methodologies. The existing approaches, practices and principles of project management were organised using classification and systematisation methods. The study posits the proposition that projects should be conceptualised as episodic, time-limited endeavours undertaken by teams of specialists, with the objective of developing unique, innovative products or services, or attaining specific social or economic outcomes at the behest of the client, who is recognised as the initiator of the project. Project management is defined as the process of planning, organising, implementing project activities, motivating project team members and controlling the results obtained by them. In contradistinction to routine tasks, scientific research, particularly that which is characterised by the presence of clearly defined deadlines, the generation of unparalleled results, and the necessity for the expeditious consideration of novel data, is optimally suited to the implementation of a project management methodology. This methodology deviates from conventional approaches by incorporating risk management at all stages of the project, with a focus on proactive identification, assessment and minimisation of risks. This approach ensures the timely completion and reliable outcomes of the research process, a matter of particular importance in circumstances where resources allocated for scientific projects are limited and the complexity of successfully addressing scientific problems in the fields of economics and management is increasing. The practical value of the provided proposals is ensured by the possibility of their use in the process of scientific activity of educational and scientific institutions and teams of independent researchers.

FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAIL FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW

Andrii Komar, Yuliia Remyha — Tue, 22 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article explores the critical aspects of financial support for the development of Ukraine's railway freight transportation sector under the challenging conditions of martial law. The text under scrutiny here demonstrates the impact of military aggression on national transport infrastructure, and the transformation of logistics systems. The study identifies the key obstacles to the efficient operation of rail transport. These include the physical deterioration of rolling stock, destruction of railway lines and facilities, gauge incompatibility with EU railway standards, and notable administrative and customs bottlenecks at border crossings. The necessity of immediate modernisation of transport infrastructure, improvement of border terminals, and harmonisation of transport policies with European partners is underscored. Moreover, the study explores the constraints imposed by domestic financing, the significance of securing international aid and investment, and the function of public-private partnerships in the revitalisation of the sector. The authors propose a comprehensive set of financial and institutional measures intended to restore and enhance the performance of railway freight transport. These include the creation of special-purpose infrastructure funds, the application of targeted financing mechanisms, and harmonisation with the National Transport Strategy of Ukraine until 2030. The strategic importance of railway transport for the resilience of the national economy, export capacity, and Ukraine's future integration into the European transport and logistics system is substantiated. It is imperative to emphasise the necessity of adapting Ukraine's transport policy to EU standards, whilst concomitantly developing transparent funding mechanisms. The findings of the article may serve as a basis for decision-making at both the governmental and institutional levels amid reconstruction and sustainable recovery. The article concludes that a systematic approach to financial reform and investment attraction is essential for the long-term sustainability and modernisation of Ukraine's railway freight system amid war and post-war recovery.

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES IN THE LABOUR MARKET

Semen Mlynko — Tue, 22 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The present research is directed towards the analysis of the relationship between technology, on the one hand, and economic development and the labour market, on the other. The research also focuses on characterising different approaches to determining the level of technology development in the economy. The investigation of the impact of technology on the economy and on the labour market as its component is relevant, because technology is the factor that causes the most debate in the modern world. Additionally, technological development is becoming increasingly dynamic, necessitating constant updating of theoretical approaches to analysis. These approaches may be employed in subsequent research endeavours. The following methodologies were employed in the analysis of the labour market and technological progress: analogies, abstraction, concretisation, the historical method, analysis and synthesis, comparison and grouping. The analysis of the impact of technology on economic development focused on five areas: production growth, economic growth, structural transformations in the economy (including employment), growth in household incomes, institutional changes and the reduction of negative environmental impact. It was found that technology has a positive impact on all factors except environmental impact. The positive impact of technology on all factors except environmental impact was substantiated. The efficacy of technological interventions in enhancing environmental quality is contingent upon their judicious implementation. Furthermore, the study has demonstrated a correlation between technological advancement and economic growth. The process of economic development enables the generation of resources by the economy, which can subsequently be allocated towards new initiatives and the acceleration of technological advancement. Furthermore, technological development has been demonstrated to be a contributing factor to economic development. The analysis of the mechanisms of labor market functioning includes the following: supply and demand, labor productivity, and government policy. The impact of technology on the labour market has been positive throughout history. The evidence suggests that they have contributed to productivity growth and the transition to lighter types of employment. However, in the contemporary era, technological advancements have the potential to diminish employment opportunities in the domain of intellectual labour, concomitantly generating roles that are characterised by a high degree of specialisation and a limited capacity for career progression. Consequently, further research into the impact of automation and AI on unemployment is pertinent, particularly in the context of developed and developing countries. The article also identifies approaches used to determine the level of technological development of the economy. The factors determining the technological level are as follows: human capital and skills, R&D investments, institutional development, international co-operation, infrastructure, corporate culture, and government policy. Furthermore, the study identified complex indicators and indices. This analysis facilitates the selection of the most effective combination of approaches for ranking economies by technology level, a prerequisite for subsequent research. Furthermore, the relationships identified in the study are a prerequisite for an empirical analysis of the impact of technology on the labour market.

COMPARING THE ROLE OF FDI POLICY IN POST-CONFLICT RECOVERY IN RWANDA AND ETHIOPIA

Vitalii Hramotniev, Tetiana Obolenska — Tue, 29 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The present article explores the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) policy and post-conflict economic recovery in selected countries of Eastern Africa through a comparative analysis of Rwanda and Ethiopia. The objective of the present study is twofold: firstly, to identify the institutional and policy-related factors that determine the effectiveness of FDI in post-conflict contexts, and secondly, to explain why similar investment strategies can lead to divergent recovery outcomes. The pertinence of this subject is attributable to the mounting cognisance that sustainable recovery following armed conflict necessitates not solely financial inflows but also protracted structural transformation. FDI is frequently regarded as a pivotal mechanism for attracting resources, rebuilding infrastructure, and stimulating development. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of such policies is subject to variation depending on the socio-political context and the extent to which investment policy is aligned with the broader logic of post-conflict transformation. The present study employs a comparative qualitative methodology, with a focus on the analysis of institutional frameworks, policy implementation patterns, and social outcomes in two countries of similar development levels, but with divergent post-conflict trajectories. The research examined how the design and execution of FDI policy influenced the recovery process, with particular attention to issues of inclusiveness, regional equity, and institutional legitimacy. The findings demonstrate that the success or failure of FDI-driven recovery cannot be explained solely by the presence of incentives or the volume of investment attracted. In Ethiopia, investment policy remained disconnected from conflict resolution goals, thus reinforcing structural inequalities and ultimately contributing to renewed instability. Conversely, Rwanda's strategy entailed the incorporation of FDI policy into a comprehensive development strategy that prioritised institutional consolidation, inclusive growth, and social cohesion. This approach was adopted to ensure greater legitimacy, reduce perceived exclusion, and support long-term stabilisation. The practical value of this research lies in its contribution to understanding the conditions under which foreign investment can become a driver of peacebuilding rather than a source of renewed tension. The article provides evidence-based insights for policymakers in fragile and post-conflict settings, emphasising the significance of integrating investment policy within a comprehensive framework of structural transformation, equity, and institutional reform.

OPTIMISATION OF VALUE CHAINS IN THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY: GLOBAL TRENDS AND REGIONAL FEATURES

Iryna Zvarych, Tetiana Drapak — Tue, 29 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The transition towards a circular economy signifies a transformative realignment of global economic frameworks, emphasising the conservation of resources, the reduction of waste, and the cultivation of enduring value. The present study explores the enhancement of value chains within this economic model, meticulously examining worldwide patterns and regional divergences through an integrative research methodology. The investigation combines in-depth qualitative reviews of governmental policies and enterprise sustainability disclosures from 2015 to 2024, drawn from entities such as the World Bank, UNCTAD, and the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, with quantitative assessments via econometric techniques across 25 nations. Focused regional explorations covering the European Union, Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa reveal distinct adoption trajectories. The EU leads with a 60% waste reuse rate in 2023, propelled by robust ecological legislation. Meanwhile, Southeast Asia has seen a 15% increase in electronic waste reclamation since 2020, bolstered by regional economic pacts. In contrast, Sub-Saharan Africa lags behind with a rate of just 10%, hindered by inadequate infrastructure and scarce resources. Quantitative analysis reveals a robust correlation between circular initiatives and job creation, particularly in technologically advanced sectors. A 10% increase in recycling has been shown to correlate with a 2-3% employment boost. Recent global shifts have served to underscore the pivotal role of cutting-edge technologies in enhancing operational efficiency. Such technologies include the Internet of Things (IoT) for resource tracking, blockchain for secure exchanges, and artificial intelligence (AI) for market forecasting. However, it should be noted that supply chain visibility is subject to regional differences, thus necessitating a customised approach. The study identifies critical enablers, namely regulatory structures, technological uptake, and infrastructure development, and explores their influence on CE durability and social equity. The findings suggest that the implementation of refined value chains has the potential to reduce resource consumption by 20–30% in comparison with conventional models. However, scaling efforts in less developed regions encounter challenges due to financial constraints. This research offers practical guidance for decision-makers and industries, urging focused investments in lagging regions, technological advancement, and skill enhancement to align with global sustainability targets. The study enhances scholarly discourse by exploring regional nuances that have been overlooked, thereby establishing a foundation for future research into economic longevity, environmental resilience, and inter-industry partnerships.

A STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINIAN REGIONS

Natalia Ivanova — Tue, 29 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The accelerated progression of digital transformation processes has emerged as a strategic imperative for regional development, particularly in countries grappling with institutional, infrastructural, and security challenges. The objective of this study is to conduct a structural analysis of digital transformation development across Ukrainian regions, with a view to identifying typical regional groups and their digital characteristics. The study will use data from the national Digital Transformation Index. The impetus for this research stems from the necessity to enhance the governance capacities at the regional level and to formulate diversified digital policies that reflect the unique characteristics and developmental stages of subnational entities. The methodological framework combines cluster analysis based on a composite Digital Transformation Index with entropy-based validation and structural interpretation of clustering outcomes. The clustering procedure was executed by means of standardised subindex values reflecting institutional capacity, digital infrastructure, service digitalisation, human capital, and innovative initiatives. The results of the study indicate a marked disparity in digital maturity across different regions, thereby identifying three structurally distinct groups. The initial cluster encompasses regions characterised by inadequate digital readiness, infrastructural deficiencies, and institutional impediments, necessitating targeted foundational assistance. The second cluster comprises digital frontrunners, characterised by comprehensive integration of digital services, strong administrative capacity, and innovative local initiatives. The third cluster encompasses moderately advanced regions with potential for development yet facing challenges in digital innovation and strategic coherence. Each cluster exhibits a distinct internal digital profile, thereby calling into question the efficacy of uniform digital policies. The practical value of the study lies in providing a typology-based model for regional digital transformation policymaking. The approach advocated here is predicated on the premise that it facilitates data-driven decision-making, enables the prioritisation of interventions, and contributes to the reduction of digital inequality.

UKRAINE’S STRATEGIC ROLE AND CHALLENGES IN THE GLOBAL FOOD MARKET

Larysa Sarkisian, Anhelina Savchuk — Tue, 29 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This paper provides a thorough analysis of Ukraine’s position in the global food market, focusing specifically on the country's role as a major agricultural producer and exporter within the context of evolving geopolitical and economic conditions. This research aims to analyse the driving forces behind trends in Ukraine’s agricultural exports, assess the impact of the war on production capacity and logistics, and propose strategic measures to strengthen Ukraine’s position in the global food trade. This subject is relevant because Ukraine’s contribution to global food security is critical, particularly in light of recent supply chain shocks and increased volatility in international markets. The present study employs a mixed-methods approach, incorporating quantitative data analysis of production levels and exports, examination of trade routes and market diversification, and systematic review of agricultural policy and logistical challenges. The research indicates that despite the considerable destruction to its infrastructure and loss of arable land, Ukraine still has the potential to contribute a significant share of international commodities such as wheat, corn, barley, and sunflower oil. However, the research points towards certain disadvantages of low diversification of the export food products, reliance on traditional markets, logistic bottlenecks, and lack of value-added processing capacity. The article also highlights possible opportunities for modernisation by embracing new technologies, digitalisation, organic farming practices, and diversification of new Asian and European trade unions, which are all already being partially practised in Ukraine. The study emphasises the importance of state support and regulatory reform in shaping an investor-friendly environment and enhancing regimes of export facilitation. The practical application of this study is twofold: firstly, it provides effective recommendations for policymakers, farmers, and foreign investors who wish to support Ukraine's recovery of the agriculture sector, improve the resilience of the food supply chain, and secure Ukraine's future status as a stable, competitive, and responsible world food producer; secondly, it provides a framework for analysing the impact of the war on Ukraine's agricultural sector.