DECOMPOSITION OF ACCOUNTING PROCEDURES IN FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY: FROM CONTRACT TO FINANCIAL REPORT

Анотація

The article examines the features of decomposing accounting procedures in foreign economic activities (FEA), which is considered a systemic tool for improving the efficiency of accounting support for international operations. The necessity to harmonise national and international financial reporting standards is emphasised, with the objective being to ensure transparency and reliability of information. The article further substantiates the relevance of a systematic approach to the structuring of accounting processes in FEA, with a view to minimising risks associated with the legal, economic and financial aspects of international contracts. It has been demonstrated that decomposition serves as a pivotal instrument for the enhancement of accounting procedures, facilitating the comprehensive documentation of all phases, from the initiation of contracts to the formulation of financial statements. The present study proposes a conceptual model of accounting flow decomposition, taking into account the specifics of transactional costs, customs regulations, and foreign exchange operations. Of particular note is the analysis of customs procedures as a component of the cost of import-export operations, which directly impact the financial performance of enterprises. The methodological foundations for automating accounting processes through ERP systems and blockchain technologies are identified, enabling the integration of accounting data and enhancing the efficiency and transparency of management systems. The article undertakes a detailed analysis of regulatory requirements, with particular reference to IFRS 15 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" and IFRS 9 "Financial Instruments". These standards mandate the detailed documentation of accounting operations in order to comply with the principle of substance over form. The significance of the prudence principle in evaluating the risks associated with currency fluctuations and customs costs is also substantiated. The findings of the research indicate that decomposition fosters the establishment of a reporting system characterised by enhanced transparency, a system which is found to satisfy the requirements of investors, regulators, and other relevant stakeholders. The proposed approaches have practical significance for enterprises engaged in FEA, as they enable risk minimisation, improve management efficiency, and ensure compliance with international standards. The research findings can be applied in both academic and practical contexts to enhance the accounting policies of companies operating in the global business environment.